Comparative Study on Ginger Powder and Ginger Extract Nanoparticles: Effects on Growth, Immune–Antioxidant Status, Tissue Histoarchitecture, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas putida Infection in Oreochromis niloticus

A 10 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of ginger powder (GP) and extract nanoparticles (GNPs) on growth parameters, digestive enzymes (lipase amylase) activities, blood hematology, biochemical indices, immune indices (interleukin 10, immunoglobulin M, nitric oxide, lysozymes), antioxidant activity, histological characteristics kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, resistance Aeromonas hydrophila or Pseudomonas putida infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (n = 225, 27.01 ± 0.15 g) were stocked 15 glass tanks (50 × 40 60 cm) randomly allocated five experimental treatments (TRTs) triplicate (15 fish/replicate, 45 fish/TRT), consisting isocaloric–isonitrogenous diets. The comprised basal diet (1) without any additives (control group, CON), (2) with 0.5% GP (GP0.5), (3) 1% (GP1), (4) GNPs (GNPs0.5), (5) (GNPs1). manually fed satiety three times a day (at 9 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m.). weighed at start experiment, then body weight, weight gain, feed intake, conversion ratio determined end experiment. At period, fish/TRT intraperitoneally inoculated two pathogenic bacterial strains (A. P. putida) separate challenge tests. Blood samples collected from each TRT aliquots for hematological analysis period. significant improvement fish observed TRTs compared control group. There no changes total amount intake/fish response Diets enriched GNPs, particularly GNPs1 TRT, resulted increase (p < 0.05) enzyme activity amylase), serum hormone level, proteinogram, (lysozyme, interleukin oxide). In addition, hepatic (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase) GNPs-enriched Survival percentages following higher GNPs1, followed by GP1 GNPs0.5 TRTs. Normal histomorphology found spleen tissues all We conclude that could be included tilapia diets promoting growth, immunity, status, disease harming organ functions. particular, most effective treatment GNPs1.